Sometimes, the reason elk hunting is tough is that they just aren't there.
CC and I hunted Colorado Unit 60 this year, 4th season. Unit 60 has almost no resident elk, the CPW doesn't even survey the unit for elk, but it is a wintering area for elk that summer in the La Sal Mtns of far eastern Utah, only a few miles away from the unit border.
Year after year, the first two weeks of November, the cows and some bulls migrate down. I did a little weather study on the La Sals, and it turned out that over the past 10 years, the success rate in 4th season had no correlation with the temperature in Unit 60 or the amount of snow in the La Sals. For example, last year it was very warm in November with no snow in the La Sals and the either-sex success rate was 46%, well above the normal 30%.
I figured with some of those unsuccessful hunters falling into the "didn't hunt hard enough or long enough" category, my odds would be at least 50/50. Zero nonresident points to draw - brilliant move! I was stoked and ready to fill the freezer.
We scouted for the three days prior to the opener, hunted for the five days of the season, and like the other 12 hunters we talked to, not one of us saw even one cow. Not one. Fourteen hunters. Zero sightings.
I walked as much as 10 hours at a time. To get into a rough area, I navigated down a band of rimrock so scary I cursed myself twice for putting my life at risk, I covered aspen pockets, deep canyons, the only two water holes in the unit with water according to the warden, went several places where we never saw another hunter, looked high, looked low, even looked in places that didn't look "elky." I sat glassing in 7 degree weather, didn't matter.
The warden said it was the worst year he's ever seen. The deer also migrate in from Utah (4th season took 10 points for nonresidents last year) and we saw some deer, but the best was no Booner. The unit only goes up to 8200 ft., so apparently all the elk and most of the deer stayed up high in Utah for once. I'd sure like to find out why. The only things I can think of are that it was an extremely dry year following an unusually snowy winter.
After last year's truck troubles during my antelope hunt and my back going out day 3 of my mulie hunt, I'm getting a bit of a complex.

I just know I could not have hunted any harder this year. I plan to hunt elk again next year and figure eventually my hard work will pay off. Might need a different unit, though, maybe archery elk.